Expert Forum Perspective Urban Night Lighting Xiao Huigan Development and Progress of Urban Night Lighting Construction in China The overall planning of urban night lighting began to attract attention. When the construction of urban night lighting was started, the overall planning of urban night lighting was generally lagging behind. Many night lighting units in the city were self-issued, and each of them made some lights to illuminate the building or add some lights to complete the light. Bright, not bright, but very bright. In this way, the night view of the entire city is chaotic, with no majors and features, and the overall effect of night lighting is poor. The night lighting method has changed from single to diversified. In recent years, many night lighting projects have seen the use of single-projection (flood) lighting. There are many ways to illuminate the city at night. In summary, there are four types of floodlighting (flooding) lighting, internal light-emitting lighting, contour lighting and special lighting. Although the floodlighting method is used more, it is only one of the nightscape lighting methods. For a city, a specific building or other lighting objects, what method of lighting should be used should be determined by specific analysis. A large number of engineering practices and urban nightscape lighting trends indicate that lighting methods are gradually shifting from single to diversified, that is, to multi-dimensional (multiple methods) spatial stereo lighting methods. In fact, night lighting uses a variety of lighting methods at the same time than a single lighting method, such as the Beijing Tiananmen Gate and many other buildings, such as night lighting, on the one hand using the contour lights hook, while using the projection lighting method to express the building The façade and details are much better than the previous single use of the contour lighting. Lighting requirements have gradually shifted from imagery to imagery and art, and the number of quality projects has increased. Looking back at the development of urban night lighting in China, the first step is to illuminate, let the city shine first; the second step requires beauty, photo art, science, and characteristics; the third step is night lighting project. Boutique. The variety of night lighting equipment is increasing and the quality is constantly improving. Since the implementation of the night lighting project, the development and production of night lighting equipment in China has developed rapidly. From the lighting equipment exhibition held in recent years, the light source and lamps commonly used in night lighting, such as tungsten halogen lamps, metal halide lamps, high-pressure sodium, melamine lamps and various floodlights, road and garden lighting, large-area lighting Lamps, color-changing lamps, high-power searchlight lamps, etc., as well as corresponding supporting electrical equipment and equipment, can be produced in China, and the variety of equipment is increasing, and the quality has been significantly improved. The high-tech of night lighting has begun to be promoted and applied in China. With the development of urban night lighting, high-tech and high-tech lighting equipment began to be promoted and applied in night lighting projects. For example, when the 50th anniversary of the founding of New China, the laser lighting system, computer searchlights and high-altitude lights used in the night lighting of Beijing Tiananmen Square, The fiber optic lighting system used in night lighting of Wangfujing Street in Beijing, LED light strip, stepless fluorescent lamp, optical fiber lighting system used in night scenery projects such as Beijing Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, Shanghai Oriental Pearl, etc., high power used in Shanghai Bund, Kunming Expo Park Observation Tower, etc. Laser lighting system, color changing neon light used in Henderson Building, centralized remote control system for night lighting of Shanghai Bund and People's Square buildings, computer color changing floodlights used in Kunming Traffic Engineering Building, Shenzhen Lizhi Park and many other attractions The water curtain film and television lighting system and so on not only received the lighting effects that are difficult to achieve by the general night lighting method, but also significantly improved the technological level of urban night lighting. The problem of light interference and light pollution in night lighting has begun to attract people's attention. In the urban night lighting, due to the application of high-power high-intensity discharge lamps, the surface brightness of buildings and road lighting is increased, and the light emitted by people in large commercial areas such as neon lights and advertising light boxes Interference and environmental pollution problems, some developed countries in the world did not pay attention when starting the construction of night lighting, until the 1970s, they only paid attention to it, and successively took control measures to carry out governance. The management of night lighting began to attract attention. Since night lighting is a new thing, the management mechanism is not perfect, the management regulations are a blank, and the entire management work starts from zero. After several years of practice, people began to pay attention to this work. For example, many cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Dalian, Chongqing, Shenzhen, etc. have specialized agencies and staff to manage this work, and have formulated corresponding management regulations and The method, from the source, implements long-term management in accordance with the law, scientific and orderly operation of night lighting planning, construction and facilities. At present, the problems and tendencies that are worthy of attention in China's nightscape lighting have been extensively investigated. The following issues deserve special attention in order to make the development of urban nightscape lighting in China healthy and orderly. When lighting, many users require higher illumination or brightness of the lighting. When your building is bright, I am brighter than yours. You have more lights. I have more lights than you, and the trend of comparison is very obvious. Development and rising momentum. From the survey data, the average illuminance of individual building surfaces exceeds 500 lux, and the building façade uses as much as 25W per square metre. It is really Floodlighting, which floods the building facade. And almost all of them cast light from the front, so the building facade only saw a piece of light, the three-dimensional sense of the building, the color of the wall and the texture of many high-grade decorative materials are difficult to identify, and the lighting effect is even more difficult to talk about. On the contrary, the tendency to adopt a single floodlighting approach is becoming more apparent. From the current trend of night lighting development, it is advocated to use multiple spatial stereoscopic lighting methods to express the inherent characteristics and cultural and artistic connotations of buildings or attractions, rather than a single floodlight. Glass curtain wall construction is also illuminated by high-power floodlights. Due to the unique visual effects and artistic style of glass curtain wall construction, it is also developing rapidly in China. According to statistics, in recent years, the area of ​​hidden frame glass curtain wall has exceeded 3 million square meters, and it has developed from a big city to a county or town. It is worth noting that many places do not consider the characteristics of the glass curtain wall, and also adopt the night scene planning problem when designing the night scene lighting. From the surveyed cities, except for a few cities, night lighting in most cities lacks unified planning or planning lag. The current situation of these cities is that the night lighting units are self-issued, and each of them is equipped with some lamps to illuminate the building or add a few lanterns to complete the light, so that the bright light does not shine, but the light should not be bright, but the whole city The night scene is scattered and chaotic, with no majors and features, and its overall lighting effect is poor. Compare each other and mistakenly think that the night scene is brighter and better. At present, many cities in China are designing nightscape lighting equipment, costing electricity, lighting glare, and light pollution problems, and the negative effects of lighting are prominent. Night lighting method problem. After the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, almost all night lighting of urban buildings adopts a single floodlighting method. Misunderstanding that night lighting is only a way of floodlighting. Many unit leaders and management personnel said that night lighting is almost always installed in front of the unit to install some floodlights to illuminate the building, and rarely use other lighting methods. From the survey data, the high-power floodlights are not considered for the specific situation of the lighting object. As a result, a large amount of electric energy is wasted and the lighting effect is not received. The glass curtain wall is still dark, and the floodlight is The indoor lighting is very bright, causing light pollution, which seriously interferes with the work and rest of indoor people. It has become a noteworthy and urgent problem in the current architectural night lighting. The application of colored light. The application of colored light in architectural night lighting has repeatedly emphasized in the technical documentation of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) that it should be cautious. The reason is that colored light has a strong emotional color; second, there are many technical problems and influencing factors involved. If used improperly, it will often distort the image of the building, reducing or even destroying the lighting effect of the building's night scene. It is beneficial to emphasize this issue when night lighting in our country is emerging and developing. Light pollution problem. With the rapid development of urban night lighting, especially the high-power high-intensity discharge lamps in the construction of night lighting and road lighting, the brightness of buildings and roads continues to increase, commercial street neon lights, light box advertising and light signs are coming The more and the scale is getting bigger and bigger, the night scenes of Paris, Las Vegas, Tokyo, Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong and other big cities, which are known as the bright nights, are truly spectacular and majestic! However, the light pollution caused by night illumination also seriously interferes with and affects people's work and rest. High-power floodlights or street lamps pass through the windows to brighten the interior, leaving people day and night, disrupting the normal biological rhythm and making it difficult to sleep at night. According to a German social survey, two-thirds of people think that "artificial white peony" is harmful to health, 84% of people report affecting sleep, and the impact is obvious; glare street lights and advertising advertisements and signs along the way make car drivers feel The driving is tense; the quiet city night sky is covered with a thick layer of light and fog, and many stars in the sky are invisible. When planning and designing, ignore the communication and cooperation tendency of lighting engineers with planners and architects. As mentioned above, urban night lighting is the use of lighting to shape the night image of a city or a building. A good night lighting planning or design plan requires lighting engineers to communicate and work closely with planners and architects. However, the current night lighting planning or design of many cities ignores the communication and cooperation between lighting engineers, planners and architects. When reviewing the night lighting scheme, only look at the renderings and ignore the inherent quality of the scheme. A complete night scene lighting scheme usually consists of the following 10 parts: 1. Analysis of the geographical environment of the building and determination of the main viewpoint of the viewing; 2. Analysis of the function and characteristics of the building; 3. Overall of the night lighting Conception and determination of key lighting parts; 4. Selection of illuminance or brightness level of the main surface to be illuminated; 5. Lighting methods, lighting equipment (light source, lamps and electrical Accessories, etc.) and selection of lighting colors; The installation position of the lamp (including the design of the lamp holder); 7. The calculation of the number of lamps and lamps used; 8. The design of the lighting electrical control system and safety measures; 9. The project budget estimate; 10. The final lighting effect and color renderings. Drawing. Simple imitation and copying in lighting design, ignoring the tendency of innovation. Urban night lighting, whether planning or design, should proceed from the actual situation, grasp the image characteristics of a city or lighting object, learn from the experience and lessons of other cities or lighting projects at home and abroad, and apply the basic principles of planning and design. And methods, careful planning and design, and strive to innovate, make a distinctive, personalized urban night lighting planning or design, rather than simply imitating, but can not copy. The city night scene should vigorously promote innovation and highlight features, and should not simply imitate or copy it. Expert forums are distributed, very unattractive, very unsafe, very dangerous! When designing night lighting, the tendency to ignore daytime landscapes and safety must be overcome. to. It is beyond reproach to focus on the nightscape lighting during festivals or major political events. But the city night scene is not built for just a few festivals. Over the years, the city's nightscape lighting is often a brightly lit holiday, and it is still dull after the festival. We say that taking into account the lighting effects of the weekdays, it is not required to be as bright as the festival. What is gratifying is the tendency to form over the years. In Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenzhen and other cities began to change. The design is controlled by Pingyi, general festivals and major festivals. Currently, except for festivals, the night before the weekend is started. Night lighting. When the case and promotion of high technology, the tendency to fully demonstrate the argument is ignored. When constructing night lighting projects, it is normal and necessary to use foreign equipment and design schemes to promote high technology. The problem is that it cannot be formalism, blindly seeking newness, seeking highness, and ignoring full argumentation. As mentioned above, the performance and technical indicators of high-pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps and supporting floodlight lamps produced in China, as well as commonly used products such as the US-resistant lamps have met the requirements of the corresponding standards. Therefore, the lighting equipment used in general night lighting projects is not necessarily imported from abroad. Of course, it is necessary to use imported products for some lighting projects that are particularly important and difficult to overhaul. The problem is that the actual situation of the project should be combined with the specific analysis, fully demonstrated, and the corresponding lighting equipment should be reasonably selected. The tendency to repair and manage. The construction of night lighting project is the same as other engineering construction. There is neglect of the maintenance and management work after the completion of the project. Some projects are not used for a long time. The hooked contour lights are broken, some of the floodlights are not bright, and the bright ones are also polluted by lamps and dust. It is completely invalid and cannot be used. Paying attention to and strengthening the maintenance and management of night lighting projects has become an important issue that the current night lighting construction and management departments urgently need to solve. The experience accumulated by Beijing, Shanghai, Dalian, Shenzhen and Zhuhai in this area is worthy of reference and promotion by other cities. We must pay attention to the construction of urban night lighting, but also pay attention to maintenance and management, so that the city night lighting facilities always maintain a good operating state. City (author is the vice president and professor of the China Lighting Society) (illustration design: Zhang Jianqing) column editor Xiao Huawen night lighting facilities ignore the tendency of daytime landscape and safety. It is often said that the city night lighting facilities are daytime scenery, watching lights at night, requiring beautiful scenery during the day and night, and harmonious coordination with the surrounding environment. The night lighting project that I have investigated has some good lighting effects in the evening, but during the day, the shape, color and materials of the lamps and fixtures are shoddy, very unsightly, and the beautiful environment of the building and the surrounding area is very good. Not coordinated. Some lamp positions have a small installation height, even placed directly on the ground, and the power supply line of the lamp is pulled up. It is really a cloak. 7/8" series Connection Cable provides a wide range of metric for power supply .The ingress protection is available and rated to IP 67, these connectors are ideally suited for industrial control networks where small Sensors are required. 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