Analysis of the impact of indoor lighting mainstream light source on health

The impact of sunlight on health

Human understanding of light begins with the sun. The visual function of the human eye can only distinguish the light and dark parts of the visible part of the sun. The human eye's vision is unrecognizable to the part of the sun that is harmful to human health. The method used for the analysis of light is Spectral analysis, by spectral analysis of sunlight, can be used to understand what wavelength of sunlight is composed, what proportion of light is used for each wavelength, and what components of sunlight contain beneficial or harmful effects on human health.

Spectral analysis is the basic means of analysis of all light sources. Since the physical properties of artificial light sources are the same as those of sunlight, but the spectral shapes are different. By analyzing the spectrum of artificial light sources, we can also analyze the health effects of different artificial light sources.

To study the effects of sunlight on human health, we analyze the sunlight that reaches the ground. Some of the sun's light is absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere and cannot reach the ground. The wavelength of sunlight that can reach the ground is 250nm to 2500nm, as shown below. Shown.

According to the full spectrum of sunlight, we can divide the sunlight into three parts;

1) Invisible light - ultraviolet light (light that is not visible to the human eye), the wavelength range is 250-400 nm.

Ultraviolet rays are further classified into three categories: long-wave ultraviolet rays, UV-A: 315-400 nm; medium-wave ultraviolet rays, UV-B: 280-315 nm; short-wave ultraviolet rays, UV-C: 250-280 nm. UV-C reaches very little ground and can be ignored.

2) Visible light (light that can be seen by the human eye), the wavelength range is 400-750 nm, and the main components are red light, green light, and blue light.

3) Invisible light - near infrared rays (light that is not visible to the human eye), the wavelength range is 750-2500 nm.

Near-infrared rays are one type of infrared rays, and infrared rays having a wavelength of 2500 nm or more are called mid-infrared rays and far-infrared rays.

Among the solar spectrum components that reach the ground, the wavelengths that affect human health are:

1) Long-wave UV-A, long-wave UV can make the skin black, skin spots appear, leading to skin aging. Excessive UV-A inhibits immune system function.

2) UV-B, UVB, can cause skin redness, blisters, skin aging, also known as sunburn, UV-B can cause keratitis, conjunctivitis, long-term sunburn Causes cataracts and suppresses immune system function, and even produces skin cancer.

The ultraviolet light effect described above refers to the long-term and high-intensity conditions. It is also beneficial to have a proper amount of short-term ultraviolet radiation of sunlight. It can enhance the body's physical fitness and the ability to resist infectious diseases, and promote the synthesis and maintenance of vitamin D3 in the body. Normal calcium and phosphorus metabolism and bone growth and development have the effect of accelerating wound healing and can improve immunity.

3) The blue portion of visible light (wavelength 400-500 nm), which has the highest photon energy in visible light, can penetrate the lens and reach the retina, causing damage to the retina, leading to decreased vision, which may cause serious eye diseases.

High-intensity blue light damages the retina of the human eye much more than the near-infrared light. The harm of blue light to the human eye has always existed in sunlight and artificial light sources. However, the low-radiation blue light is also beneficial to the skin, baby jaundice It is treated by irradiating low-intensity blue light. Blu-ray can also whiten skin and teeth; blue light controls the human body clock to a certain extent; blue light stimulation can promote the secretion of cortisol from our body, which is exciting.

4) Near-infrared rays will cause the skin of the human body to feel fever, and the skin will be dry and lose moisture, resulting in rough skin. High-intensity near-infrared rays will cause skin burns. The human eye contains more liquid and absorbs near-infrared rays. High-intensity infrared rays can cause cataracts when directly illuminating the eyes; near-infrared rays are also beneficial. For example, some medical devices use near-infrared rays to illuminate the body parts, increase the temperature, improve blood circulation, eliminate swelling and dissipate inflammation.

It can be seen from the above analysis that ultraviolet light, blue light and near infrared light have an impact on human health. These lights can only affect human health if they are exposed to high intensity or long-term exposure. For example, people who work outdoors in highland areas or long-day sunshine areas have darker skin and are prone to eye diseases such as cataracts.

For the ultraviolet and near-infrared parts of sunlight, protective measures such as shielding, sunscreen skin care products, and UV-resistant materials can effectively avoid the influence of sunlight on the human body. However, for indoor lighting sources that are closely related to our lives, If the choice and use of lighting is inappropriate, it will not be able to avoid the adverse effects of illumination on health. People who work and live under low-quality lighting for a long time may be exposed to ultraviolet, blue, infrared, etc., resulting in dry skin and color. Spots, wrinkles, damage to the retina, etc., cause skin and eye vision to age prematurely. The following figure can strongly warn us that the radiation safety of the illumination source is very important.

In order to ensure the reasonable specification of the illumination source in manufacturing and application, the illumination source should conform to the national standard (GB/T 20145-2006 photobiosafety of the lamp and lamp system). In fact, many lighting products do not mark these parameters. Even if there are labeled radiation parameters, it is difficult to judge the authenticity of these radiation parameters. We use professional-grade spectral analysis methods to present the full spectrum of various commonly used illumination sources to everyone, so that the light source's health impact becomes At a glance, for lighting sources, scientific defense is the most effective means of dealing with hazards.

Conventional optical analyzers test wavelengths in the range of 400-800 nm. Spectral images in this range do not fully reflect the health effects of UV and IR. By using professional-grade full-spectrum analysis, spectral analysis is extended to the range of 350 nm to 2450 nm. You can see whether each kind of light source has an adverse effect on the human body. The full spectrum of the artificial light source below is intended to help you clearly understand the health effects of artificial light sources.

The health effects of lighting are not only the spectral components of the light source, but also the electromagnetic radiation, noise, glare of the light source or luminaire, the strobe of the light source, the safety of the luminaire, etc., which can be obtained through some protective measures. Solve, however, whether there is harmful wavelength radiation for the illumination source itself needs to be taken seriously.

It is important to emphasize here that the influence of harmful wavelengths on the human health in the spectral components is mainly determined by the intensity of the light irradiation at this wavelength and the time of irradiation. If the irradiation intensity is within the safety range specified by national standards, Long-term exposure outside the distance is safe for human health, so seeing harmful wavelengths in the spectrum does not necessarily mean adverse health effects.

In fact, these light sources have been associated with people's work and life for many years. It should be noted that the basic components of all illumination sources are red, green and blue. The influence of the blue portion of the illumination source on the retina of the human eye has always existed and will always accompany human life. We only need to learn reasonable avoidance and Scientific use, the harmfulness of blue light can be controlled within safe values.

Incandescent lamp

The full spectrum of incandescent lamps is shown in the figure below. Incandescent lamps are widely used in various lighting applications and have many applications.

Health effects in the incandescent spectrum:

1) Ultraviolet UV-A content is extremely low, and the health effects of ultraviolet rays can be ignored.

2) UV UV-B content is not available.

3) The blue component content is small, the stimulation to the eyes is small, and the blue light contained in the incandescent lamp spectrum is the safest in indoor lighting.

4) High near-infrared content, long-term illumination can cause dry skin and easy to cause wrinkles; the surface temperature of the light source is high and easy to burn.

High-intensity infrared rays can cause cataracts by directly illuminating the eyes for a long time.

Because incandescent lamps have low luminous efficiency and high energy consumption, they have been phased out. From a health perspective, incandescent lamps are the least influential.

Halogen lamp

The full spectrum of the halogen lamp is shown in the figure below. Halogen lamps are widely used in effect lighting, such as indoor spotlights.

Health effects in the spectrum of halogen lamps:

1) Ultraviolet UV-A content is extremely low, and the health effects of ultraviolet rays can be ignored.

2) UV UV-B content is not available.

3) The blue component content is small, the stimulation to the eyes is small, and the blue light contained in the spectrum of the halogen lamp is safe in indoor illumination.

4) High near-infrared content, long-term illumination can cause dry skin and easy to cause wrinkles; the surface temperature of the light source is high and easy to burn.

High-intensity infrared rays can cause cataracts by directly illuminating the eyes for a long time.

Due to the low luminous efficiency and high energy consumption of halogen lamps, they have been phased out. From a health perspective, halogen lamps are less affected.

Metal halide lamp

The full spectrum of metal halide lamps is shown in the figure below. Metal halide lamps are widely used in commercial lighting environments and have many applications.

Health effects in the spectrum of metal halide lamps:

1) UV-A content of ultraviolet light has an effect on health.

2) The UV-B content of ultraviolet light is small and can be ignored.

3) High blue light content, which can cause retinal damage.

4) Medium infra-red content, long-term illumination can also cause dry skin and easy to cause wrinkles; the surface temperature of the light source is high and easy to burn.

Metal halide lamps are used in commercial lighting, especially in jewelry stores and clothing stores. As can be seen from the figure, metal halide lamps contain ultraviolet and infrared rays, and high color temperature metal halide lamps also contain more blue components. It is harmful to the human eye. The long-term use of metal halide lamps can cause skin spots. As shown in the figure below, before the LED illumination source appears, the illumination effect is good due to the metal halide lamp, and the color rendering is high. Alternative sources of light, this issue is rarely mentioned, LED jewelry counter lighting solves the problem of ultraviolet and infrared radiation, but many jewelry lighting uses a higher color temperature LED light source, resulting in the effect of blue light on the retina is greater than the metal halide lamp.

Metal halide lamps are still widely used and need to be used rationally.

Fluorescent lamp

The full spectrum of fluorescent lamps is shown in the figure below. Fluorescent lamps are widely used in various lighting environments and are most widely used.

Health effects in the spectrum of fluorescent lamps:

1) UV-A content of ultraviolet light has an effect on health.

2) The UV-B content of the ultraviolet light is small. Can not be considered

3) High blue light content may cause retinal damage.

4) The near-infrared content is small, and the influence of near infrared rays can be ignored.

Fluorescent lamps include fluorescent tubes, energy-saving lamps, ring tubes, H tubes, etc., which are the most widely used light sources. Because the principle of fluorescent lamps is that the ultraviolet light in the tubes activates the phosphor on the inner wall of the tube to produce white light, there is ultraviolet leakage. Many people think that the glass of the lamp will absorb ultraviolet light. In fact, the glass of the lamp can not completely absorb the ultraviolet light. From the spectrum analysis chart, it can be seen that the fluorescent lamp has tested the spectrum of ultraviolet rays, indicating the presence of ultraviolet radiation, and the ultraviolet leakage of high-quality fluorescent lamps. Relatively small, poor quality fluorescent lamps have a large amount of UV leakage, so you need to pay attention to this problem when purchasing.

Long-term use of fluorescent lighting will cause some damage to the skin, the color of the skin will turn red, and the water content of the skin will decrease. Studies have shown that working under fluorescent light or learning the ultraviolet light absorbed by the day is quite effective in the sun for one hour. .

Many workplaces, hospitals, schools, classrooms, etc. use fluorescent lamps with high color temperature (above 6500K). For those who work in this high color temperature environment for a long time, it is necessary to consider the effects of ultraviolet light and blue light. Studies have shown that people who work and study fluorescent lamps for a long time will have a certain impact on their bodies. At the same time, high color temperature lights may cause depression, ultraviolet rays and blue light may cause visual fatigue, and eyes often have mild pain. Fluorescent lamps installed in these locations need to be tested for compliance with the GB/T 20145-2006 standard.

With the rapid development of LED lighting technology, the cost-effective advantage of LED light source is close to fluorescent light. With the improvement of environmental protection awareness, fluorescent lamps will gradually withdraw from the dominant position in the lighting market.

Although the LED light source gradually replaces the fluorescent lamp, we are only away from the ultraviolet radiation problem of the fluorescent lamp. However, as the blue light radiation problem in white light, no matter what kind of artificial light source, it is unavoidable. White light must contain blue light, especially LED white light. The medium and high color temperature needs to be controlled. As a health lighting product, it must comply with the relevant national standards for light source radiation. Otherwise, the influence of blue light radiation on the retina will always plague the development of LED lighting sources.

The effect of blue light in white light on the human eye is not only in fluorescent lamps, but also in the backlights of televisions, monitors, computers, mobile phones, etc., which we usually use, there is blue light (the backlight is white), and many backgrounds and pictures are in blue tones. The long-term direct view of these screens by the human eye can adversely affect the retina of the human eye. The effects of the blue light components produced by these devices on the elderly and children are more worthy of attention. The use of anti-blue light glasses can effectively improve this problem.

LED light

The full spectrum of LED lights is shown in the figure below. LED lights are widely used in various lighting environments, and the application volume is gradually increasing.

Health effects in the spectrum of LED lights:

1) Ultraviolet UV-A content is extremely low, and its influence can be ignored.

2) UV UV-B content is not available.

3) High blue light content may cause retinal damage, and blue light radiation with a color temperature below 3500K is safer.

4) There is almost no near-infrared content, and it is not necessary to consider its influence.

LED white light is white light generated by a chip that generates blue light inside the lamp bead and a yellow phosphor that is covered on the chip. The principle of illumination is: the semiconductor chip emits blue light, the yellow phosphor absorbs a part of the blue light, and the yellow light is excited, and the excited yellow light is mixed with the rest of the blue light again, and the shape is white light, that is, the LED white light is blue light. For the basic light, the wavelength of the blue chip is between 440 and 460 nm, which is a range in which the blue light damages the retina.

LED lighting source has many advantages over traditional light source, is the development direction of lighting source, we have begun to enter the era of LED lighting, but if you do not pay attention to the impact of blue light on the human eye in LED lighting, it will cause "blue light hazard" Exceeding metal halide lamps and fluorescent lamps, high color temperature LED light sources will cause "blue light hazard" to be more serious. "Blue light hazard" is produced without any awareness in the lighting environment. Only in scientific use can safety be guaranteed; The source of light source needs to have this basic knowledge.

“Blue light hazard” is a public health issue. Product information should include these contents. The blue light radiation detection of LED illumination source is the only method for judging safety products. It should be noted that LED illumination source does not mean that there must be “blue light hazard”, blue light. The amount of radiation and the time of radiation are the premise for judging the "blue light hazard".

The amount of LED blue radiation is as shown in the figure below:

Under the low color temperature and the same indoor lighting effect, the radiation safety of the LED illumination source is higher than that of the fluorescent tube, the energy-saving lamp and the metal halide lamp. Low-power, high-color rendering and radiation safety of LED illumination sources with color temperatures below 3500K are low risk.

The amount of blue light radiation of different LED packaging factories is different, and the quality of LEDs with good quality is low.

The higher the power of LED lighting products, the higher the blue light hazard. Generally, the LED light source above 20W pays attention to the installation height when using. The higher the installation height, the smaller the blue light hazard.

Like other traditional light sources, LED illumination sources also produce light decay. The main cause of LED white light decay is the decrease in phosphor excitation efficiency. The amount of blue light in the light gradually increases after light decay, resulting in an increase in LED illumination color temperature. In addition, for LED white light above 8000K, blue light radiation increases faster after light decay, and more blue light radiation is generated. LEDs with low quality and high color temperature are prone to light decay, and blue light is more harmful.

The amount of blue light radiation of LED illumination source decreases with the decrease of color temperature. The low-power LED light source with color temperature of 3500K-2800K basically conforms to the national standard. The white light with color temperature above 6500K has the influence of blue light radiation. It is incredible that LED lighting produced in China The light source, most of which is a high color temperature product; even many jewellery counters have a color temperature of over 8000K, which makes this kind of lighting just get rid of the ultraviolet light in the metal halide lamp, and enters the environment where the blue light affects the health of the human eye in the LED lighting, although The human eye is not a direct light source, but the jewels are the strongest.

LED illumination source with the increase of color rendering, the amount of blue radiation decreases, the increase of color rendering means that the phosphor needs to absorb more blue radiant energy to stimulate a wider spectrum, so the LED with high color rendering index Relatively safe.

Home interior lighting needs to consider an anti-glare structure to prevent high-intensity light from entering the human eye.

Many LED ceiling lamps use LED light sources with a high color temperature of more than 6500K, while ceiling lamps are mainly for room lighting. This is a phenomenon that requires warning. Some people think that high color temperature will make the ceiling lamp look more uniform, which is a conceptual error. In fact, the amount of blue light in the high color temperature is large, and the retina of the human eye is stimulated by blue light to cause a decrease in visual resolution. Many people mistakenly believe that high color temperature will make people feel brighter. This is also a conceptual error. You can find out about it. The concept of clear vision and dark vision, this high color temperature ceiling lamp installed in families with elderly people and children will have many adverse consequences.

There are some ceiling crystal lamps on the market, and blue LEDs are used as decorative light sources. They are very beautiful visually. However, families with elderly people and children should be carefully considered. Especially for families with babies, this product cannot be used.

For commercial lighting, LED white light with a color temperature below 6000K is recommended, up to a maximum of 6500K.

For office lighting, it is recommended to use a color temperature between 5000K and 3200K.

For home lighting, try to use a single lamp with a power of less than 8W, and the color temperature is below 3500K.

For lighting LEDs, try to use high color rendering products.

For reading lamps, it is best to use LED light sources with high color rendering and color temperature below 3200K and power below 6W.

Color temperature picture comparison chart:

The indicators of the blue light radiation of the LED on the retina can be referred to the parameters in the table below.

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