introduction This article refers to the address: http:// IPTV is the use of IP to transmit TV programs, so it is sometimes called Internet TV. But people from different industries, organizations or knowledge backgrounds have different understandings of the meaning of IPTV. 1.1 What is "TV" The understanding of "TV" is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, the source of IPTV is consistent with the source of TV in the traditional sense; second, it is processed by a set-top box (STB), using ordinary or high-definition televisions ( TV) to do display terminals. But for these two conditions to be met at the same time, or only need to meet the first condition, it should be called IPTV, there are different understandings and definitions. With the development of technology, the current television sets have not only been used as display terminals for television programs, but also as display terminals for other kinds of services (such as games and stock quotes). Moreover, TV programs can be viewed not only on TVs, but also on PCs and mobile phones. Therefore, the "TV" in IPTV should be defined with the content as "TV" as the core, only the program source is TV, regardless of whether the display terminal is a traditional TV. In addition, the "TV" in IPTV is no longer the "live" mode in the traditional sense. 1.2 Relationship between "IP" and "TV" There are two perspectives on the understanding of the relationship between "IP" and "TV": (1) "IPTV = IP + TV" mode, that is, in this implementation, IP services and TV services are completely independent and parallel in CABLE; (2) "IPTV = TV over IP" mode, that is, all services including TV are carried on top of IP. The understanding (or implementation) of these two methods has its own background and reasons. At least for the time being, it is not clear who understands more rationally and which way is more promising. But everyone agrees that the biggest difference between IPTV and traditional TV programs is "interactivity" and "real-time", which is an interactive network video service that can be "on-demand" whenever and wherever. 2 Benefits of developing IPTV (1) Benefits of IPTV for content The development of IPTV can promote the prosperity of content delivery. The IPTV industry chain is an open model. It has great appeal to content providers. Content providers can expand their content distribution channels through broadband platforms and increase the content expression and performance means. Revitalize the content inventory, so that the originally displayed idle programs can be reused by means of retrieval on-demand to improve the reuse rate of the program. At present, the content of broadband is gradually enriched, and multimedia content such as online games and Flash is in the ascendant, and providers of such content can also port their program content to IPTV. With the gradual maturity of IPTV, it will inevitably lead to the tremendous development of the content market, and will also bring huge economic benefits to content providers. (2) The benefits of developing IPTV for business operations In terms of business operations, IPTV is different from traditional telecommunication services. It is a three-network convergence service, and it emphasizes TV terminals while maintaining communication and online entertainment capabilities. This is an inheritance of traditional cultural consumption habits. Behind this inheritance is the consumer psychology and consumption habits of the huge user base of nearly 100 million households and the first choice of amateur entertainment. Therefore, the IPTV business has the potential to become a broadband-based business and is accepted by consumers. At present, the number of TV users in China exceeds 300 million. If TV is converted into a network terminal, even if only 20% of TV conversion is successful, there will be 60 million conversion potential, which will undoubtedly bring huge profits to business operators. (3) The benefits of IPTV to consumers IPTV is a new application of broadband video, which will drive the rapid development of broadband applications. People can not only get better services than traditional telecommunication services on broadband networks, but also browse the Internet, play games, and watch movies and TV programs that they want to watch. IPTV will expand broadband users from Internet users to non-Internet users, extending the broadband entertainment market from more than 22 million broadband users and more than 87 million Internet users to more than one billion TV viewers. IPTV will fundamentally change people's lives and entertainment. (4) Benefits of IPTV to related industries The IPTV service brings a more detailed division of labor to the industry, from content production management, business portfolio distribution, to final consumption, forming a complete industrial chain. The purpose of developing IPTV is to promote the healthy and benign development of the industrial chain, encourage enterprises in all fields to actively participate, encourage normal competition and cooperation among enterprises, promote industrial development, reduce costs, drive consumer demand, and form healthy and orderly IPTV consumption. surroundings. It will bring huge market potential to all links of the industrial chain. At the same time, since IPTV uses IP technology to carry TV services, it can provide more personalized and interactive experiences and feelings than traditional TVs on the basis of inheritance, which enables IPTV to avoid homogenous competition with traditional TV and provide differentiated services. Form the basis of benign development. (5) Benefits of IPTV to society IPTV is a new thing. In addition to considering its economic benefits, it must also consider the social benefits it can bring. The content of IPTV dissemination has strong ideological characteristics. Therefore, the development of IPTV is conducive to cultural communication, improving the quality of people's entertainment content, and satisfying the interests of consumers while safeguarding national interests and providing cultural guarantee for creating a harmonious society. . Therefore, it can be said that IPTV is a business that can be profitable and can spread advanced culture. The development of IPTV services has expanded the scope of network grants. Many traditional industries can be moved to the network to enable telemedicine and distance learning. It promoted the government's e-government on the Internet and greatly narrowed the digital divide between urban and rural areas, between the east and the west, between developed regions and underdeveloped regions. It has promoted the process of information civilization in the whole society. 3 Typical model of IPTV (1) Program (content) source It can be a production unit of various content sources, such as TV media, film and television production companies, news media organizations, distance education institutions, game producers, etc. (2) Business platform The content continues to be edited and integrated, providing a platform for users to provide IPTV services. The work of this platform includes the coding, orchestration, storage, distribution and management of content. (3) Content distribution network Responsible for passing IPTV information from the service platform to the client. This part of the work can be subdivided into two parts: "content-independent" and "content-related". The "content-independent" part includes backbone/metropolitan area networks, broadband access networks, and more. Content related parts include content distribution network (CDN), peer-to-peer (P2P) technology, and the like. (4) Client The main functions of the client device are: receiving (and possibly sending user requests) and processing (and possibly storing functions) the media stream to present the media stream to the user. The receiving processing device of the media can be independent of the rendering device, such as a set top box (STP) with an IP access function and a television set. 4 Telecommunications and IPTV From the current development trend, the internal technical factors and external demand factors of the IPTV market development have basically matured. In 2005, IPTV will also usher in a more rapid development trend. In this situation, several major telecom operators and manufacturers have taken the time to move into commercial practice. China's two fixed-line operators, China Netcom and China Telecom, have already launched their own (especially with traditional TV content providers). Cooperation) Some operational practices. At the same time, a large number of traditional telecom equipment manufacturers, such as Huawei, ZTE, UT, Shanghai Bell, etc., have also invested a lot of manpower and material resources to carry out IPTV product research and development, and also put forward various unique technical solutions to prosper the market. Promote the maturity of IPTV technology. The successful practice of telecom operators in the IPTV market has proven its indispensable position and role in the entire industry value chain. While expanding the service platform and extending the existing cooperation, telecom operators are also actively exploring how to use their broadband advantages to provide users with more and more complete services. In summary, traditional telecom operators have their own unique advantages in developing IPTV services: (1) The broadband IP network has been developed for a long time, and the maturity of the bearer network is a necessary condition for realizing the IPTV service. IP networks naturally support point-to-point delivery, so-called interactivity, so they can be very rich in case of small changes (such as enabling support for multicast, although almost all router devices in existing telecommunication networks already support) Interactive business. (2) Telecommunications networks, including IP networks, have always advocated a “full-process network-wide†strategy, which enables local users to truly achieve “one-point access, full-network accessâ€. It is relatively easy to implement IPTV technology on such a network. (3) Telecom operators have accumulated years of experience in business operations, including network storage, access authentication, bandwidth management, billing and settlement, and user management. These experiences can also be used in the operation of IPTV services. Video coding technology is also constantly evolving. Now, images transmitted using MPEG-4 and H.264 encoding can achieve DVD quality requirements at a bandwidth of 800 kbit/s, thus greatly improving the service over a limited bandwidth. Quality of service. The rapid development of related network technologies, such as application layer quality control technology, CDN/VDN technology, and mature technology of controllable multicast, have paved the way for improving the quality of user services to varying degrees. 5 Conclusion In 2004, China's information industry sales revenue has exceeded 2 trillion yuan, and the information industry has become the first pillar industry of the Chinese economy, and has become the main force driving the national industrial growth. As a basic, leading and pillar industry in China, the telecommunications industry is related to China's national security, social information and many other issues, and is related to the good operation of the entire social order. At the just-concluded "two sessions", the issue of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" has been widely concerned by the representatives. The "village to village" project organized by the Ministry of Information Industry is being implemented, and agricultural informatization has a huge problem for solving the "three rural issues". Promote the role, so the representatives advocated communication services "three rural", making communication play a major role in solving rural distance education, cooperative medical care, cultural propaganda and other issues. In recent years, the global telecommunications industry has been in a downturn. An important reason is that with the rapid decline of the revenue of the dominant telephone service, the data business has grown rapidly, but it can be said that no new business growth point has been found. In this situation, the practice of operators and other information industry-related enterprises in the IPTV field is looking for new business growth points, and also conforms to the development trend of the triple play, promoting the development of the communication culture industry and prospering socialism. The information services market has great significance. But IPTV is still an emerging field after all, and in reality there may be some problems: (1) In the industrial chain, the structure is unclear, the responsibility of the content operators and the regulatory power are not clear, the strength of most links is relatively weak, and the links between the links are waiting to be fulfilled. (2) In terms of operations, there are problems such as unclear operating mode, unclear operating entities, weak operational network capabilities, insufficient content, lack of operational motivation, and unclear tariff policies. (3) In terms of technology and standards, there are obstacles such as inconsistent codec standards, inability to guarantee quality of service (QoS), and difficulties in interconnecting systems. (4) In terms of policies, there are long-term supervision, market access policies are not clear, transmission security supervision, equipment access and consumer rights protection issues. Therefore, the development of IPTV must first eliminate and strive to overcome various obstacles, strengthen the concept of competition and win-win, strengthen cooperation in all aspects of society, improve the industry chain, create new business models, prosper the entire IPTV market, and provide users with more More choices and better services meet the needs of the people's growing material and cultural life and build a harmonious society. For more information, please see what is IPTV, IPTV industry information, IPTV technology and solutions, or enter the discussion group discussion. 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