As shown in the figure, the electronic holiday candle consists of a buck regulator source, a candlelight display, and a music blessing. The candlelight display consists of a clock generator, a ring counter and 21 light-emitting diode tubes as flames. The dual time base circuit ICla (1/2 556) and Rl, R2, and Cl form an astable multivibrator with an oscillation frequency of f=1.44/(R1+2R2)C1.
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The oscillating frequency corresponding to the illustrated parameter is about 20 Hz. Its 5-pin output is used as the shift clock of the IC2 ring counter. CP.IC2 (CD4017) is a decimal counter/pulse splitter with its R end (15 feet) and 13 feet. Grounding, to form a ring counting circuit, each time a CP pulse, the counter is incremented once, so that the yellow LEDs (D9, D10), (D11, D12), (D13, D14), (D15, D16), (D17, D18), (D19, D20), and D21 sequentially emit light from the bottom to the top, thereby generating a flickering light perception of the candlelight from bottom to top. The D1-D4 and D5-D8 orange-red light-emitting two-plate tubes are connected to the center of the flame cone. It is directly controlled by the square wave of about 20 Hz generated by IC16. It is driven by the buffer stage VT1 and glitters, and is synchronized with 20Hz. In this way, the effect of the light candle is soft, swaying, and light and dark. D21 is located in the center of the light candle.
The music part is composed of a microphone, a high-pass amplifier, a voltage comparator, a one-shot delay, and an audio circuit. When someone blesses the air, the electret condenser microphone mounted near the flame picks up the mixed signal from bass to treble and adds it to the high-pass amplifier IC3b, which filters out the low-frequency noise and only allows The high-tone audio of 3000Hz Ul is filtered by a blow noise of about 50mV and amplified to a pulse of 5V amplitude, which is added to the inverting pin 2 of IC3a. IC3a is connected to the voltage comparator form, and the non-inverting terminal 3 is connected to the R7 and R8 voltage dividing points, and the reference voltage is about 4.5V. When the input spike is greater than. At 4.5V, the 1C3a output (1 pin) is low, and the lC1b one-shot circuit is triggered by the latter stage. 1Clb (1/2 556) and R9, C4 form a single-stability circuit, the delay time after triggering is td=1.1R9C4, and the single-stable pulse width given by the parameters in the figure is about 30 seconds. The square wave of the 9-pin output provides power to the music integrated IC4, allowing the IC4 to play a song of about 20 seconds. The music can be composed of "Happy Birthday to you", "Christmas Eve", "Wedding March" and other music, depending on the occasion and situation.
1. Origin:
2. The name RJ stands for the registered jack and is the USOC (universal service ordering codes) code of bell system. USOC is a series of registered sockets and their wiring mode, which are developed by bell system to connect the user's equipment to the public network. FCC regulations control the application of this purpose. The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) issued a document on behalf of the U.S. government to specify RJ11.
3. RJ11 is the common name of the connector developed by Western Electric Co. Its shape is defined as a 6-pin connecting device. Originally called wexw, where x means "active", contact or needle. For example, we6w has all six contacts, numbered from 1 to 6. The we4w interface only uses four pins, the outermost two contacts (1 and 6) are not used, and we2w only uses the middle two pins. For RJ11, the information source is contradictory. It can be a 2 or 4-core 6-pin connector. What's more confusing is that RJ11 is not only used to represent the 6-pin connector, it also refers to the 4-pin version.
4. RJ45 and RJ11: different standards, different sizes
5. Due to the different sizes of the two (RJ11 is 4 or 6-pin, RJ45 is an 8-pin connection device), it is obvious that the RJ45 plug cannot be inserted into the RJ11 socket. However, it is physically feasible (RJ11 plug is smaller than RJ45 jack), which makes people think that they should or can work together. It's not. It is strongly recommended not to use RJ11 plug for RJ45 socket.
â’ because RJ11 is not internationally standardized, its size, insertion force, insertion angle, etc. are not in accordance with the international standard connector design requirements, so interoperability cannot be guaranteed. They even cause damage to both. Since the RJ11 plug is smaller than the RJ45 socket, the plastic parts on both sides of the plug will damage the metal pin of the inserted socket.
RJ - 45 port is our most common port, it is our common twisted pair Ethernet port
Because twisted pair is mainly used as transmission medium in Fast Ethernet, RJ-45 port can be divided into 10Base-T network RJ-45 port and 100base TX network RJ-45 port.
Among them, the RJ-45 port of 10Base-T network is usually identified as "eth" in the router, while the RJ-45 port of 100base TX network is usually marked as "10 / 100btx". This is mainly due to the fact that most products of Fast Ethernet router still adopt 10 / 100Mbps bandwidth adaptive.
The left figure shows the RJ-45 port of 10Base-T network, while the right figure shows the RJ-45 port of 10 / 100base-tx network. In fact, the two RJ-45 ports are exactly the same in terms of the port itself, but the corresponding network circuit structure in the ports is different, so they can not be connected casually.
Definition of RJ45 interface pin signal
Ethernet 10 / 100Base-T interface:
1 TX + tranceive data +
2 TX - tranceive data -
3 RX + receive data +
4 N / C not connected
5 N / C not connected
6 RX - receive data
7 n / C not connected
8 N / C not connected
Ethernet 100base-t4 interface:
1 TX_ D1 + tranceive data +
2 TX_ D1 - tranceive data
3 RX_ D2 + receive data +
4 BI_ D3 + bi directional data +
5 BI_ D3 bi directional data
6 RX_ D2 - receive data
7 BI_ D4 + bi directional data +
8 BI_ D4 bi directional data
Note: RJ45 interface adopts differential transmission mode, TX + and TX - are a pair of twisted pair, which can reduce interference when twisted together.