The design of electromagnetic interference is mainly designed and processed from hardware and software. The following is the introduction of electromagnetic compatibility from the PCB design of the microcontroller to the software processing. First, the factor affecting EMC 1. Voltage The higher the supply voltage, the greater the voltage amplitude and the higher the emissions, while the lower supply voltage affects the sensitivity. 2. frequency High frequencies produce more emissions, and periodic signals produce more emissions. In a high-frequency single-chip system, a current spike is generated when the device is switched; in an analog system, a current spike is generated when the load current changes. 3. Ground In all EMC topics, the main topic is caused by improper grounding. There are three methods of signal grounding: single point, multiple points, and hybrid. When the frequency is lower than 1MHz, a single-point grounding method can be used, but it is not suitable for high frequency; in high-frequency applications, multi-point grounding is preferred. Hybrid grounding is a method in which the low frequency is grounded at a single point and the high frequency is grounded at multiple points. The ground layout is the key, and the grounding circuit of the high-frequency digital circuit and the low-level analog circuit cannot be mixed. 4. PCB design Proper printed circuit board (PCB) wiring is critical to preventing EMI. 5. Power supply coupling When the device is switched, transient currents are generated on the power line and these transient currents must be attenuated and filtered out. Transient currents from high di/dt sources cause ground and trace "emission" voltages, and high di/dt produces a wide range of high frequency currents that excite components and cable radiation. Current changes and inductance through the wire can cause a voltage drop that can be minimized by reducing inductance or current changes over time. Second, the hardware processing method for interference measures 1. Electromagnetic compatibility design of printed circuit boards (PCBs) A PCB is a support for circuit components and devices in a microcontroller system that provides electrical connections between circuit components and devices. With the rapid development of electronic technology, the density of PCBs is getting higher and higher. The quality of the PCB design has a great influence on the electromagnetic compatibility of the single-chip system. Practice has proved that even if the schematic design of the circuit is correct and the printed circuit board is not properly designed, it will adversely affect the reliability of the single-chip system. For example, if the two thin parallel lines of the printed circuit board are close together, a delay in the signal waveform is formed, and reflected noise is formed at the end of the transmission line. Therefore, when designing a printed circuit board, you should pay attention to the correct method, follow the general principles of PCB design, and should meet the anti-interference design requirements. In order to get the best performance of the electronic circuit, the layout of the components and the layout of the wires are very important. 2. Input/output electromagnetic compatibility design In the MCU system, the input/output is also the transmission line of the interference source, and the detection source for receiving the RF interference signal. We generally take effective measures when designing: 1 Use the necessary common mode / differential mode suppression circuit, and also take certain filtering and anti-electromagnetic shielding measures to reduce the interference. 2 Whenever possible, take various isolation measures (such as optical isolation or magnetoelectric isolation) to block the spread of interference.
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