A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance
designed to boil or steam rice. It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl,
and a thermostat. The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl
and controls the heat. Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and
other components, and may be multipurpose. Cooking rice has traditionally
required constant attention to ensure the rice was cooked properly, and not
burnt. Electric rice cookers automate the process by mechanically or
electronically controlling heat and timing, thus freeing up a heating element
on the cooking range that had to be otherwise occupied for rice cooking.
Although the rice cooker does not necessarily speed up the cooking process,
with an electric rice cooker the cook's involvement in cooking rice is reduced
to simply measuring the rice, preparing the rice properly and using the correct
amount of water. Once the rice cooker is set to cook, the rice will be cooked
with no further attention.
Features:
For modern home
rice cookers, the smallest single-person model cooks 1 rice cup (180 ml),
whereas large models can cook 10 cups. Commercial models can cook 20 or more
cups. As a possible source of confusion, model specifications and names may
list either cooked or uncooked capacity. Rice roughly doubles in size during
cooking; therefore, a 10 cup (uncooked) rice cooker can produce up to 20 cups
of cooked rice. The prices vary greatly, depending on the capacity, features,
materials used, and the country of origin.
The majority of
modern electric rice cookers are equipped with a stay-warm or keep-warm feature,
which keeps the rice at an optimal temperature for serving without over-cooking
it. Some gas cookers also have electric stay-warm mechanism. However, the
usefulness of this feature degrades over time, a microwave may be more energy
efficient or better suited to reheat rice that will sit longer than four hours.
Some rice
cookers use induction heating, with one or more induction heaters directly
warming the pot. This can improve energy efficiency.
Most modern
rice cookers use aluminium for the inner cooking bowl. There are some models
that use stainless steel instead of aluminium. Various other materials, such as
copper, pure carbon, ceramic, and diamond powder coating, may be used for
higher heat conductivity or better taste.
The
pressure-cooking models can raise the water's boiling point higher, e.g., from
100 °C at 1.0 atm up to about 110 °C at 1.4 atm, which speeds cooking. The
pressure-cooking models can also be used in high altitude areas, where the
boiling temperature is below 100 Celsius. Pressure cookers are also suitable
for cooking brown rice (which contains oils and bran fiber that cook
differently from pure white rice starch). Some pressure rice cookers have a
varying pressure control mechanism (named the "dual-pressure" method)
that creates repeated pressure/release cycles during the cooking.
There also
exist mechanisms to collect and return the boiled over liquid to the inner rice
bowl.
Many cookers now have microprocessor-controlled cooking cycles, which are often used to adjust for rice and
cooking type.
Applications
Rice cookers are typically used for the preparation of plain or
lightly seasoned rice. Each rice cooker model may be optimized to cook a
certain type of rice best. For example, most Japanese rice cookers are
optimized for cooking Japanese rice and may not be the best for other types of
rice[citation needed], although cooking time can be lengthened simply by more
water.
The typical method of cooking long grain rice
is boil-and-strain and/or steaming method. The absorption method used in
Japanese rice cookers will produce slightly different texture and taste,
usually stickier rice.
Brown rice generally needs longer cooking
times than white rice, unless it is broken or flourblasted (which perforates
the bran).
Different varieties of rice need different
cooking times, depending on their grain size, grain shape, and grain
composition. There are three main types of Asian rice: Oryza sativa subsp.
indica, i.e., Indian rice (long grain rice, e.g., basmati rice and Thai jasmine
rice), O. sativa subsp. javanica, i.e., Java rice (large grain rice) and O.
sativa subsp. japonica, i.e., Japanese rice (medium grain rice, e.g., Calrose
rice, short grain rice, e.g., most Japanese rice and risotto rice).
African rice, Oryza glaberrima, is an entirely
separate species, but can be cooked in the same way. Zizania is not even in the
same genus, although it is often called a rice (or "water oats"); it,
too, can also be cooked in a rice cooker.
A
rice cooker can be used to cook many boiled or steamed granular foods, such as
pot barley, bulgar wheat, and dal. Provided the ingredients have similar
cooking times, a rice cooker can cook mixtures such as khichdi. Some rice
cookers can be used as automated couscoussiers, cooking couscous and a stew
simultaneously.
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Java, as a programming language and computing platform, has its presence on any device in your home. It supports games, business applications, and chat rooms, and runs on billions of devices worldwide (PC, Mac, iOS, Android, etc.). After understanding its breadth and strength, you will understand why cybercriminals use Java as their primary goal. Conquering Java will allow criminals to “break the door†into a global network of devices connected to the Internet.
In fact, last week, Java suffered a new security issue. This security issue is classified as a zero-day threat and it spreads malware to computers that lack protection. A zero-day threat is an attack that exploits an unknown vulnerability in a computer application (such as Java), which means that the attack occurred on the day (that is, zero day) when the vulnerability was discovered. The research team at McAfee Labs pointed out that this is a very dangerous threat: simply browsing a malicious web page or clicking on a link in spam is enough to be infected.
Security recommendations for Java vulnerabilities
The widespread use of Java for a large number of devices is equally attractive to attackers, which is why Windows devices are vulnerable to more virus attacks than any other platform - cybercriminals get the most out of writing malicious software for the most widely used platforms. In order to fully protect your computer against this vulnerability and future Java vulnerabilities, we recommend that you take the following measures for all your devices:
1. Know if Java is installed: The Java website provides an easy way to help you understand if Java is installed and the installed version of Java is displayed. This process takes only 10-20 seconds and you can view it by clicking the "Do I have Java?" link under the Java home page download button. The major version affected by this new vulnerability is Java 7, but it may also affect Java 6 and earlier.
2. Remove Java from your main web browser: The latest version of Java includes how to disable the Java plug-in in your web browser, which contains specific guides for Windows XP, Vista, and Windows 8. Because new Java vulnerabilities are discovered multiple times each year, we recommend that all users either uninstall Java or disable the plug-in from your master browser.
3. Use alternative browsers when necessary: ​​If your preferred website requires Java, the way to mitigate the risk is to download a browser dedicated to that website. For example, if you often use Firefox, disable the Firefox Java plug-in and use a Java-enabled alternative browser (Chrome, IE9, Safari, Opera) to access your favorite websites. This method is not very safe, but it can mitigate risks.
4. Download the free McAfee SiteAdvisor software: McAfee SiteAdvisor is an award-winning browser plug-in that gives security advice before you click on the risk website. After installing SiteAdvisor, your browser will add a small website icon to the search results to warn you about potential risks and help you find a safer alternative site. In addition, you can protect all your devices (including PCs, Mac products, smartphones, and tablets) from similar security threats by downloading McAfee All Access.
Social Engineering Attack
In fact, to fix the problems caused by the zero-day attacks, Oracle released a software update aimed at repairing this Java security vulnerability. The release of this software has attracted many users to download aggressively, and everyone knows, at the same time, a large number of criminals are just around the corner, because they can create a copycat site that looks exactly like a Java update site, and thus lure large numbers of users to download their malicious software. . This is called a social engineering attack.
For home users, in order to avoid social engineering attacks, you need to do the following:
1. Double check the website's URL. A malicious website may appear to be the same as a legitimate site, but its URLs often use spelling variants or different domains (for example, a variant of yahoo.com, yahoo.co).
2. Pay attention to grammar and spelling. Many illegal sites (including fake Java update sites) have misspelled words and grammatical errors.
3. Be wary of incoming calls or emails that you did not request but require you to share personal information, change your password, or download software. If unknown individuals claim to be from legitimate companies, try to verify their identity directly through their company before taking action.
4. Install comprehensive anti-virus software (such as McAfee All Access) and update it to protect against spam, malicious traffic, and malicious sites.