Huawei PolarCode solution is not a 5G standard, but will lay a strong opportunity for the decisive 5G

Polar Code, polarization code. At 0:45 am on November 17, 2016, in the discussion of the 5G short-code scheme of the 87th meeting of 3GPP RAN1, after many hardships, China Huawei's Polar Code scheme finally defeated the powers and became 5G control channel eMBB scene coding final scheme.

The Polar code eventually becomes the coding scheme for the control channel uplink and downlink. The uplink and downlink short code schemes of the data channel belong to the high-pass LDPC code.

Polar Code is the first channel coding method known to man that can be strictly proved to reach the Shannon limit. The error correction performance exceeds the widely used Turbo code and LDPC code, and finally becomes the channel control coding scheme.

Huawei and the Australian operator Optus completed a 5G network test, using a 73GHz ultra-high frequency band to achieve a transmission rate of up to 35Gbps.

This conference also mentioned the Polar code as the coding scheme of the control channel; Qualcomm Inc. led the LDPC code as the coding scheme of the data channel. The Polar Code scheme is mainly promoted by China Huawei.

What we need to pay attention to is that the Polar code is not owned by Huawei. It was first proposed by Professor Erdal Arikan of the University of Birken in Turkey in 2008. We can't wipe out the technological achievements during the outbreak of technology application!

Coding and modulation are the most esoteric parts of wireless communication technology and are known as top-level communication technologies. The channel codec is located at the physical layer location in the basic communication framework, and its performance improvement will directly improve the network coverage and user transmission rate.

As early as last month in Lisbon, Portugal, the LDPC program was identified as a 5G medium long code encoding solution. Since then, the 5G standard has made another breakthrough in key aspects. The Turbo 2.0 code, which once monopolized the 3G and 4G era codes, is likely to quit in the future due to the small number of supporters. As for the difference between the three, here is not to repeat, in direct terms, Polar code performs best in communication technology indicators and scenarios such as rate, delay, throughput, and stability.

Test results show that through the use of Polar code and the dynamic selection of the decoding algorithm, the short-packet (large connection IoT scene) and long package (high-speed moving scene, such as low-traffic requirements such as automatic driving) are stable in the scene. The performance gains increase the spectral efficiency of existing cellular networks by 10% and also combine with millimeter waves to achieve a rate of 27 Gbps.

The measured results prove that the Polar code can meet the requirements of the three major application scenarios of ultra-high-speed, low-latency, large-connected mobile Internet and Internet of Things.

For a time, the saying that "Chinese standards have defeated American standards and China has won the hegemony of the 5G era" has come to the fore, but it is obviously exaggerated.

The senior technical personnel in the industry told the media that 3GPP has determined the Polar code as the coding scheme of the 5G eMBB scene control channel, which is only part of the 5G standard. Although the weight is not small, it cannot be called China's 5G technical standard. Many links. For example, frame structure, waveform and multiple access, etc., can only say that Huawei dominates Polar code and becomes an important role in the 5G standard.

Technology is the primary productive force, and communication technology is relatively complex, but whoever has mastered the standard technology has the right to speak and the commanding height, and naturally benefits a lot. Thirty years ago, Qualcomm used military CDMA technology for civilian communications, and introduced the IS-95 standard, becoming the second-generation mobile communication system that competes with European GSM, which is what we often call the 2G era.

In the 2G era, GSM achieved victory, but Qualcomm's Viterbi decoding algorithm has led the industry to believe that CDMA represents the development direction of wireless communication technology. Therefore, in the 3G era, WCDMA, CDMA2000 and TD-SCDMA all adopt CDMA technology. Today, most of Qualcomm's profits come from patent licenses based on this technology standard.

In the 3G era, although China independently developed TD-SCDMA, it is still technically incomparable. Even in the 4G era, China's TD-LTE has made a certain breakthrough, but its core long code encoding Turbo code and short code tail biting convolutional code are not original Chinese technologies. This led to GM’s infringement of Chinese companies’ infringement and additional patent fees.

The Polar Code code promoted by Huawei was adopted by 3GPP as the 5GeMBB control channel standard solution, which is an important progress in the research and standardization of 5G mobile communication technology in China. In this way, I understand why a Polar code is causing a sensation in the industry.

At present, the 5G medium long code encoding confirmation scheme is LDPC, which is the main push by Qualcomm. In fact, Qualcomm also promoted the LDPC scheme in the previous 3G and 4G standards, but Qualcomm lost its 4G standard and led to its 4G standard. The right to speak in the patent declined.

One of Qualcomm's standard developers, its CDMA2000 is one of the 3G standards, and its CDMA technology has become one of the core technologies of the 3G standard, thus establishing its patent monopoly position in the 3G standard.

In the development of the 4G standard, Qualcomm still hopes to continue the life of its CDMA technology, and launched the 4G standard UMB using CDMA and OFDM technology, but finally gave up due to technical defects of UMB. China and Europe hope to get rid of Qualcomm and launch LTE technology based on OFDM and SCFDM technologies.

After Qualcomm's UMB standard is abandoned, China's main TD-LTE standard becomes part of the 4G standard. It becomes a direct competitor with the Wimax standard promoted by Intel in the United States, but because the CT camp companies include Qualcomm to safeguard their interests. And chose to give up support for wimax and support TD-LTE, so in the end China's TD-LTE became the 4G standard and wimax defeated.

Since Qualcomm is only a participant in the development of 4G standards, although it is the main pusher of core coded LDPC, Flarion, which owns OFDM technology, has gained a certain say in the 4G standard, but it still cannot have a strong patent in the 3G era. Status, and China is constantly promoting its voice in the development of communication standards because it is the main driver of TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE standards.

It can be seen that the Polar Code (Polarization Code) scheme that is the main push for China has become a 5G control channel. The eMBB scene coding scheme is far less significant than China's promotion of the TD-LTE standard as one of the 4G standards.

In the current global 5G standard formulation, Europe has established Ericsson as the leader of the European 5G standard, and Ericsson has also stated that it will launch the 5G standard based on LTE-FDD evolution. From this aspect, China must ensure that it is in the 5G standard. The right to speak, more importantly, is based on the TD-LTE standard and evolved to 5G to enhance its voice in the 5G standard.

Some domestic media have repeatedly claimed that LTE-FDD and TD-LTE are only 10% different, saying that China's TD standard is of little significance, and even that the 5G standard will be unified, which is completely against the facts.

From 2G, 3G, 4G, there are disputes between time division and frequency division. The 5G standard currently being developed also has the dispute of time division and frequency division. Europe has occupied the advantage in frequency division technology, and time division technology is China's dominant position, but if If China abandons time-division technology, the US wimax will inevitably come back (wimax is time-based technology), so if China wants to win its own voice in the 5G standard, it should definitely not give up time-based technology.

"Qualcomm has always disdained 3GPP, so the participation of 3GPP is also negative. Qualcomm's own 3GPP2 organization was a good example. So deploying 5G ahead and pushing related codes to expand the scale to cause global effects, then 3GPP can't interfere. , its right to speak in 5G can be imagined." The above said.

Therefore, China is actively carrying out 5G research and development. There are many enterprises and universities that have invested a lot of resources to carry out R&D in all areas of 5G, and to some extent, do not rule out strategic checks and balances.

According to the overall deployment, China's 5G basic R&D test will be conducted in 2016-2018, which is divided into three stages: 5G key technology test, 5G technical solution verification and 5G system verification. China is expected to launch 5G commercial use in 2020. Ericsson, Nokia, Huawei, ZTE, Samsung and other companies have developed concept prototypes for some of the 5G key technologies.

From the perspective of the industry, the first year of the 5G standard in 2016, and the coexistence of multiple standards in the 3G and 4G eras, 5G is expected to achieve global unified standards, but the right to speak in the standard is bound to compete, it depends on The degree of participation in each link, and the use and confirmation of more technologies by the 5G standard will inevitably allow the company to have more patent reserves in the future. Like Qualcomm's patent license, it can also charge Qualcomm patent licenses in the future.

Especially in the mobile phone, the party that has won the leading power will inevitably improve the research and development efficiency of the local mobile phone brand. After all, the standard coordination will be more convenient and even form a patent standard, thus enhancing the terminal's continuous innovation.

At present, the patent competition in the mobile phone industry is deteriorating and the frequency is increasing. From the beginning of the year, Apple paid Huawei patent fees, Huawei sued Samsung patent infringement, Qualcomm v. Meizu patent infringement, and the recent OPPO, vivo infringement Dolby audio technology was brought to court. . Therefore, emphasizing the role of patents, it is also necessary to emphasize the patent writing standard. If the patent is written into the standard, it becomes a standard essential patent. Once the standard is implemented and the patent is infringed, the right to charge can be claimed.

Xiang Ligang: Don’t make fun

The polarization code scheme is not a 5G standard, but it will create a strong opportunity for the decisive 5G! China's Huawei company's Polar Code (Polarization Code) program, from the United States to promote LDPC, France's main push Turbo2.0 two major competitors stand out, become the 5G control channel eMBB scene coding scheme, and LDPC code becomes the data channel uplink and downlink Short code scheme. Everyone is very excited and I am very happy. But if I see a lot of happiness, I want to say a few words.

1. Seeing that the news broke the foreign monopoly. Without this, the communication standard from TD-SCDMA to TD-LTE has long since broken the monopoly. The standards proposed by China have long become international standards and have been widely adopted by many countries in the world. This is not the first time at all.

2, Polar Code is not a 5G standard, just a coding scheme, 3GPP is not an ITU, this is only an important step on the road to the 5G standard, far from the 5G standard.

3. This standard scheme is not a patent. It is proposed by Huawei and supported by everyone. Huawei does not own this patented technology. This is a happy event, but the happy event is overexcited by some people, exaggerated to falsehood, and funny things are funny.

Fu Liang: The Polar Code scheme has three major meanings.

1. China's telecommunications companies, represented by Huawei and ZTE, have long invested in basic research and development, and have gradually gained more voices in the world. More and more experts from China have held important positions in international organizations in communications.

2. Unlike TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE, Huawei's Polar Code solution has been recognized by the global communication circle. This not only represents the recognition of technology leadership, but more importantly, Huawei and ZTE actively contribute and actively participate. The active and interactive approach has won the support of more and more global communications companies.

Third, the Polar Code scheme and the LDPC scheme have been adopted one after another. There is a certain component of mutual compromise. The possibility of launching a unified 5G standard globally is increasing. This is the victory of global communication companies.

Zhang Guobin: The Polar Code solution is only to determine the general direction of technology.

If you compare the 5G standard to the breakfast menu, you are only sure whether you are drinking coffee or tea (technical direction). As for which tea or coffee to drink (specific system design), it is the next stage. It is.

Wan Lei: Improper speech will hurt the solidarity of 3GPP

(Wan Lei: Engaged in Huawei's polar code related work, which is one of the main contributors)

"The two days of self-media coverage have been overwhelming, but Huawei has never reported on the regular standards activities and progress of 3GPP. Everyone is very understanding of the expectations of the 5G standard, but still want to restrain inappropriate speech, so as not to hurt the unity of 3GPP. The atmosphere." She just said: "Participate, deeply understand that this is just another 5G feature that 3GPP has contributed to the telecom industry by the International Organization for Standardization. Here are the contributions of many companies in the industry. Technology is without borders, 3GPP Therefore, success is attributed to its internationalization. Its Roman forum-style technical debate is the core mechanism to promote technological optimization. The NR channel coding mechanism LDPC+Polar decision is a milestone of the 5G standard, further consolidating 3GPP. The status of the global 5G unified standard has strengthened the determination of the industry operator network manufacturer chip and terminal manufacturers to cooperate together. I sincerely hope that the democratic spirit of 3GPP globalization has a long history..."

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has revealed that China and the international are simultaneously launching 5G R&D work, and the first is to establish a collaborative working mechanism. A number of enterprises, universities and research institutes in China have jointly established the IMT-2020 (5G) promotion group to carry out research work on 5G requirements, technologies, spectrum and standards. The second is to carry out 5G research and development. There are many enterprises and universities that have invested a lot of resources to carry out R&D in all areas of 5G. The third is to strengthen international cooperation. At present, some universities and research institutes in China have established multi-channel and multi-level cooperation and cooperation with many countries. The Ministry will actively support domestic and foreign enterprises to carry out research and development cooperation for a new generation of mobile communication technologies. Develop a common contribution. According to the overall deployment, China's 5G basic R&D test will be conducted in 2016-2018, divided into 5G key technology test, 5G technical solution verification and 5G system verification.

In April of this year, Wen Ku, Director of the Information and Communication Development Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that under the organization of the IMT-2020 5G Promotion Group, China has completed the development of the 5G Phase 1 wireless test specification. At the same time, China’s new generation The major special projects of the broadband wireless mobile communication network and the National 863 Program are also actively deploying 5G research and development projects, and vigorously support 5G technology innovation. The domestic industry represented by China Mobile, Huawei, Zhongxing and Datang is stepping up the development of 5G technology. . In China, China's 5G technology R&D test was officially launched in January this year. This is the first time that China has started testing and verification of next-generation mobile communication technology in synchronization with the International Standards Organization. In 5G technology research, testing, measurement, and solutions must occur before equipment and end products.

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