Foreword: As an embedded system developer has been trying to further reduce the development time, especially for proof of concept and rapid prototyping. Although development kits have become the short cut, designers need to find a balance between size and a well-supported ecosystem while considering performance requirements. The ArduinoUno development board is a good example of this need to find a balance. What is HiFive1? The HiFive1 development kit is based on a microcontroller that integrates a 32-bit RISC-V (risk-five) processor core. The development board accepts Arduino shields, which greatly enhances its practicality for rapid prototyping of embedded designs. At the heart of HiFive1 is the RISC-V processor core. This requires the open source concept behind the Arduino development board and extends it to the processor itself. RISC-V is an open instruction set architecture (ISA) and is based on two foundations: the reduced instruction set computing (RISC) concept that has been in use since the 1980s, and open source principles. Because RISC-V ISA is open source, it can be freely used for any purpose. RISC-V-based chips and software can be designed, manufactured, and sold by anyone without royalties. Arduino Style Headers (Including Precautions) The HiFive1 development kit duplicates Arduino's unique I/O header layout. It can accept most of the hundreds of available Arduino shields, but there are several points to note. First, the microcontroller has no analog input pins. The Arduino Header of the HiFive1 Development Kit can only perform digital I/O, interrupts, and pulse width modulation (PWM) pin assignments. The physical pin positions used for the A0 to A5 analog pins on the Arduino Uno development board are labeled as D14 to D19 digital I/O pins on the HiFive1 development board. If you need to add analog capabilities, you can use one of many available analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), digital-to-analog converters (DACs), or a combination ADC/DAC Arduino shield. Please also note: Designers can assign up to nine PWM generators to the Arduino style header pins on the HiFive1 Development Kit. All 19 Arduino style header I/O pins of the HiFive1 Development Kit can be used as interrupt inputs. This leads to the second note: So far, only the following two Adafruit Arduino shields have passed the HiFive1 test because only the Adafruit support library for these two shields has been ported to the HiFive1 library: Adafruit's resistive touch screen and LED display Adafruit's BLE SPI Friend The next section will detail the core of the HiFive1 development kit, the microcontroller. The center of the microcontroller is an open source 32-bit RISC-V ISA CPU core. For RISC-V, the core is the RV32I MAC processor. This means it uses a basic 32-bit RISC-V integer instruction set (RV32I) with integer hardware multiply and divide (M); atomic, real-time instructions (A); and additional support for the 16-bit reduced (C) instruction set. There are also 64-bit and 128-bit versions of RISC-V ISA. The core also includes a 16 Kb instruction cache (labeled "I $" in the block diagram) and 16 Kb of scratchpad SRAM. Several standard peripherals include timers, PWM signal generators, real-time clocks, UARTs, QSPI serial interfaces, and an on-chip hardware debug module around the processor core. Who or what is behind the RISC-V architecture? why? The HiFive1 development kit and microcontroller are actually hardware demonstration tools for the open source RISC-V processor architecture. It is a hypothesis that the world really needs another processor architecture? The RISC-V project began at the University of California, Berkeley, eventually surpassing the scope of university research and giving full play to the imagination of more volunteer participants and electronics industry professionals. The end result of this project is the open source RISC processor ISA (Instruction Set Architecture), which is almost the same as any other 32-bit RISC ISA. The difference is that anyone is free to use the RISC-V ISA for any purpose. For the HiFive1 development board, embedded system developers need more than just processors or microcontroller chips. For RISC-V, embedded developers need development support in the form of tools, sample code, libraries, and software stacks. This type of support comes from the ecosystem that has evolved around successful processor architectures and users. to sum up The affordable Arduino Uno development board is compact and lightweight, with access to hundreds of I/O and peripheral shields. The HiFive1 Development Kit leverages these existing shields and matches them with RISC-V based 32-bit microcontrollers by closely replicating the compact Arduino Uno board footprint and unique header configuration. The HiFive1 development kit features 16 Mb onboard flash memory for higher code storage. Although it is a new architecture, the up-and-coming open source RISC-V ecosystem provides an expanded suite of software development tools including compilers, assemblers, debuggers, and Arduino IDE libraries. Open Source GNU MCU Eclipse: A series of Eclipse multi-platform embedded development plug-ins and tools based on the GNU toolchain. Segger's Embedded Studio for RISC-V: A cross-platform IDE for embedded C/C++ software development and the company's J-Link debug probe. 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