Introduction to Bridge Functions Similar to a repeater, it connects two LAN segments, but it connects two networks at the data link layer. Inter-network communication is transmitted from the bridge, while communication within the network is isolated by the bridge. The bridge checks the source and destination addresses of the frame. If the destination and source addresses are not on the same network segment, the frame is forwarded to another network segment; if the two addresses are on the same network segment, it is not forwarded. So the bridge can play the role of filtering frames. The frame filtering feature of the bridge is very useful. When a network is degraded due to heavy load, the bridge can be used to divide it into two network segments and keep the traffic between the segments to a minimum. For example, the network distributed on two floors is divided into a network segment on each floor, and the segments are connected by a bridge. This configuration can minimize the busyness of network communication and improve communication efficiency. At the same time, due to the isolation of the bridge, a failure on one network segment will not affect another network segment, thereby improving the reliability of the network. Ethernet is a shared medium, the physical layer receives the frame, and if the address is the same as its own address (or broadcast message), it is left; otherwise, it is forwarded. Therefore, when the number of hosts increases, the network becomes very noisy and the transmission efficiency is significantly reduced. The bridge is a device working at the data link layer. It divides a large Ethernet into several small network segments, which can achieve the effect of reducing traffic. We can divide 100 hosts into four segments. At the beginning, the bridge did not know where the hosts on the network were, so it had to broadcast the received frames to all network segments. Here we should note that when the bridge receives the first frame, it knows the address of the host that sent the frame, because this address is included in the frame. There is only one address, and the bridge only broadcasts this frame to other network segments (of course not to the network segment that includes the source host). We assume that computer 1 sends a frame to computer 76. After receiving this frame, the bridge knows that computer 1 is in the first segment. The bridge does not yet know where computer 76 is, so it sends this to network segment 2-4. frame. If the computer 76 sends a message to the computer 1 again, the bridge knows that the computer 1 is in the first segment, and no longer sends messages to the network segments 2 and 3. And at this time, because the frame sent by the computer 76 also includes the network segment where the computer 76 is located, the network bridge already knows that the computer 76 is in the network segment 4, and finally the network bridge knows where all the computers are located. So what if a computer changes places? If computer 2 goes from network segment 1 to network segment 3, no one can communicate with computer 2 before it sends a message, because the bridge thinks it is still in network segment 1, so the messages are sent to network segment 1, the computer 2 Of course nothing can be received, but when computer 2 sends a message, the bridge queries its learning table and knows that a computer has a problem, so it updates the corresponding entry in its learning table, then computer 2 can communicate with Other computers have communicated.
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