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With the rapid development of the Internet and network applications, the types of data to be processed by data information storage systems are also explosively increasing, which makes data information storage systems face unprecedented challenges. Attached network storage (Network Attached Storage, abbreviated as NAS) and area storage network (Storage Area Network abbreviated as SAN), they can separate data information storage devices from the network and the host system, both centralized management information data With good scalability, it provides the most effective solution for centralized data management.
1. Regional Storage Network (SAN)
The SAN technology, which only appeared in 1998, is a network dedicated to connecting storage peripherals and servers. It usually includes servers, external storage devices, server adapters, hubs, switches and networks, storage management tools, etc. The SAN is independent of the application server network system and has almost unlimited storage capacity. It uses high-speed fiber channel as a transmission medium to network the storage system and achieve true high-speed shared storage.
SAN has the following advantages:
The first is unlimited scalability. Because the SAN uses a network structure, the server can access any storage device on the storage network, so users can freely add disk arrays, tape libraries, servers and other devices, so that the storage space and processing capacity of the entire system can be continuously expanded according to customer needs. Second, SAN has higher connection speed and processing power. SAN adopts the Fibre Channel technology specially designed for large-scale data transmission. The current transmission speed is 100MB, and Fibre Channel switches with transmission speeds of 200MB and 400MB will be quickly developed. From the measured results, the SAN system can easily exceed the performance of the NAS without occupying a lot of CPU.
Storage devices based on the SAN architecture are inherently expandable, and they can expand storage capacity and processing speed online to upgrade to next-generation products. And once the SAN architecture is built, it is easy to add storage devices, and these storage devices can be shared as a whole, they can be shared as a volume or multiple volumes. Under the SAN architecture, storage is independent of applications.
There are currently a variety of solutions based on SAN architecture, typically including remote disaster recovery solutions and zero downtime backup. It can synchronize data through two remote arrays in different places, independent of the operating system and applications. Once a system in a certain place has problems, it can be quickly switched to a different place to ensure the application of the system.
2. Network Direct Storage (NAS)
In the NAS solution, the storage device is completely functionally independent of the main server in the network. Data access between the client and the storage device no longer requires the intervention of the file server, allowing direct data between the client and the storage device access.
The characteristics of network direct storage are as follows: First, the NAS system can only be expanded by increasing the processing capacity of a single controller and increasing the storage devices controlled by a single controller. Second, in the NAS system, the client accesses the NAS through a traditional network. The traditional network is not designed to transmit large amounts of data on a reliable link, so there are many transmission checks, these tasks will consume a lot of CPU resources and increase the burden on the client. In addition, NAS only completes the file system level sharing of multiple servers, which is more suitable as a file server.
3. SAN and NAS applications
NAS is a supplement to SAN. It has a good performance-price ratio in small and medium-sized computer systems with small data volume and abundant network resources. Small and medium users have a great demand for NAS. The design purpose of NAS is for the clients of the internal network of small and medium-sized enterprises to share storage through the existing LAN. It is mainly implemented based on file sharing. The requirements for performance, reliability and availability are not too high. Too suitable for large-scale computing systems.
SAN is excellent in data block transmission and scalability, and can effectively manage equipment. Enterprises can benefit from applying SAN to mission-critical applications, data concentration, backup and recovery, and high-availability computing. SAN is more suitable for applications that read / write data sequentially and when the file is large, such as storage of server clusters, server backup of large data volumes, server submission of streaming video, and non-linear editing. In large-scale application fields such as telecommunications, banking, securities, meteorology, and e-commerce, SAN is the preferred storage system. Their common feature is that a large amount of key data generated by key applications needs to be saved, and the data must be quickly accessed at any time, so high performance requirements are placed on the storage system, and this is the advantage of SAN.
Compared with SAN, NAS supports file sharing between multiple peer clients. NAS clients can access shared files anywhere in the enterprise, and their performance and distance requirements are relatively low. Therefore, NAS is suitable for applications when the file length is relatively short, such as file management and SME network storage.